Phakathi kwesizinda esibucayi esikhulayo sezinkinga zokuphepha kokudla, uhlobo olusha lwekhithi yokuhlola esekelwe kuI-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)kancane kancane iba yithuluzi elibalulekile emkhakheni wokuhlola ukuphepha kokudla. Ayinikezi nje kuphela izindlela ezinembayo nezisebenza kahle zokuqapha izinga lokudla kodwa futhi yakha umugqa wokuzivikela oqinile wokuphepha kokudla kwabathengi.
Umgomo wekhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA usekusebenziseni ukusabela okubophayo okuqondile phakathi kwe-antigen kanye ne-antibody ukuze kunqunywe ngokwesilinganiso okuqukethwe kwezinto eziqondiwe ekudleni ngokuthuthukiswa kombala we-enzyme-catalyzed substrate. Inqubo yayo yokusebenza ilula uma kuqhathaniswa futhi inokucaciswa okuphezulu nokuzwela, okuvumela ukuhlonza okunembile nokulinganisa izinto eziyingozi ekudleni, njenge-aflatoxin, i-ochratoxin A, kanyeT-2 ubuthi.
Ngokuya ngezinqubo ezithile zokusebenza, ikhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kwesampula: Okokuqala, isampula lokudla okufanele lihlolwe lidinga ukucutshungulwa ngendlela efanele, njengokukhipha nokuhlanzwa, ukuze kutholwe isixazululo sesampula esingase sisetshenziselwe ukutholwa.
2. Ukwengezwa kwesampula: Isixazululo sesampula esenziwe sengezwa emithonjeni eqokiwe epuleti le-ELISA, nomthombo ngamunye ohambisana nento okufanele ihlolwe.
3. Ukufukamela: Ipuleti le-ELISA elinamasampula engeziwe lifakwa ezingeni lokushisa elifanele isikhathi esithile ukuze livumele ukubopha okugcwele phakathi kwama-antigen namasosha omzimba.
4. Ukugeza: Ngemva kokufukamela, isixazululo sokugeza sisetshenziselwa ukususa ama-antigen angaboshiwe noma amasosha omzimba, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubopha okungaqondile.
5.Ukwengezwa kwe-substrate nokuthuthukiswa kombala: Isixazululo se-Substrate siyengezwa emthonjeni ngamunye, futhi i-enzyme eku-antibody ebhalwe nge-enzyme ivuselela i-substrate ukuze ithuthukise umbala, yakhe umkhiqizo onemibala.
6. Ukulinganisa: Inani lokumunca lomkhiqizo onemibala emthonjeni ngamunye likalwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi afana nomfundi we-ELISA. Okuqukethwe kwento ezohlolwa bese kubalwa ngokusekelwe kwijika elijwayelekile.
Kunamacala amaningi okusetshenziswa kwamakhithi okuhlola e-ELISA ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kokudla. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuqondisa ukuphepha kokudla okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlolwa kwesampula, iziphathimandla ezilawula izimakethe zasebenzisa ikhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA ukuthola ngokushesha nangokunembile amazinga eqile e-aflatoxin B1 kuwoyela wamantongomane akhiqizwa isigayo sikawoyela. Izinyathelo ezifanele zokujezisa zathathwa ngokushesha, kwavinjwa ngempumelelo into eyingozi ukuthi ibeke engozini abathengi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kalula, ukunemba, nokwethembeka, ikhithi yokuhlola ye-ELISA isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kokuphepha kokudla okuhlukahlukene njengemikhiqizo yasemanzini, imikhiqizo yenyama, nemikhiqizo yobisi. Ayifinyezi kuphela ngokuphawulekayo isikhathi sokutholwa futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi inikeza ukusekelwa okunamandla kwezobuchwepheshe kuziphathimandla ezilawulayo ukuze kuqiniswe ukugadwa kwemakethe yokudla.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqwashisa okwandayo kokuphepha kokudla phakathi kwabantu, izinsiza zokuhlola ze-ELISA zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuhlola ukuphepha kokudla. Ngokuzayo, sibheke phambili ekuveleni okuqhubekayo kokuqanjwa okwengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokuhlanganyela sikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwemboni yokuphepha kokudla kanye nokunikeza isiqinisekiso esiqinile sokuphepha kokudla kwabathengi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2024