Ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezinomswakama noma kwezinye izindawo, ukudla kujwayele ukuba nomkhuhlane. Isikhunta esiyinhloko. Ingxenye ekhuntile esiyibonayo empeleni iyingxenye lapho i-mycelium yesikhunta ithuthukiswe ngokuphelele futhi yakhiwe, okuwumphumela "wokuvuthwa". Futhi eduze nokudla okukhuntile, kuye kwaba nesikhunta esiningi esingabonakali. Isikhunta sizoqhubeka nokusabalala ekudleni, ububanzi bokusabalala kwayo buhlobene nokuqukethwe kwamanzi okudla kanye nobukhulu bomkhuhlane. Ukudla ukudla okukhuntile kuzokwenza umonakalo omkhulu emzimbeni womuntu.
Isikhunta siwuhlobo lwesikhunta. Ubuthi obukhiqizwa isikhunta bubizwa ngokuthi i-mycotoxin. I-Ochratoxin A ikhiqizwa yi-Aspergillus ne-Penicillium. Kutholakale ukuthi izinhlobo eziyisi-7 ze-Aspergillus kanye nezinhlobo eziyisi-6 ze-Penicillium zingakhiqiza i-ochratoxin A, kodwa ikhiqizwa kakhulu yi-Penicillium viride ehlanzekile, i-ochratoxin ne-Aspergillus niger.
Lobu buthi bungcolisa kakhulu imikhiqizo yezinhlamvu, njengama-oats, ibhali, ukolweni, ummbila nokudla kwezilwane.
Ilimaza kakhulu isibindi nezinso zezilwane nabantu. Inombolo enkulu yobuthi ingase ibangele ukuvuvukala kanye necrosis ye-mucosa yamathumbu ezilwaneni, futhi inemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu ye-carcinogenic, teratogenic kanye ne-mutagenic.
I-GB 2761-2017 imikhawulo yezinga lokuphepha kokudla kuzwelonke ye-mycotoxins ekudleni ibeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-ochratoxin A kuzinhlamvu, ubhontshisi kanye nemikhiqizo yawo akufanele lidlule ku-5 μ g/kg;
Izinga lenhlanzeko yesiphakeli se-GB 13078-2017 libeka ukuthi inani elivumelekile le-ochratoxin A ekuphakeleni akufanele lidlule ku-100 μ g/kg.
I-GB 5009.96-2016 izinga lokuphepha kokudla likazwelonke Ukunqunywa kwe-ochratoxin A ekudleni
I-GB / T 30957-2014 ukunqunywa kwe-ochratoxin A endleleni yokuhlanza ikholomu ye-immunoaffinity ye-HPLC, njll.
Ukulawula kanjani ukungcoliswa kwe-ochratoxinImbangela yokungcoliswa kwe-ochratoxin ekudleni
Ngenxa yokuthi i-ochratoxin A isatshalaliswa kabanzi endalweni, izitshalo eziningi kanye nokudla, okuhlanganisa okusanhlamvu, izithelo ezomisiwe, amagilebhisi newayini, ikhofi, ukhokho noshokoledi, imithi yama-Chinese herbal, isinongo, ukudla okusemathinini, amafutha, umnqumo, imikhiqizo kabhontshisi, ubhiya, itiye kanye ezinye izitshalo nokudla kungangcoliswa yi-ochratoxin A. Ukungcoliswa kwe-ochratoxin A ekudleni kwezilwane nakho kubi kakhulu. Emazweni lapho ukudla kuyisici esiyinhloko sokudla kwezilwane, njengaseYurophu, ukudla kwezilwane okungcoliswe i-ochratoxin A, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-ochratoxin A ku-vivo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-ochratoxin A izinzile ezilwaneni futhi ayigayelwanga kalula imetabolism futhi yonakaliswe, ukudla kwezilwane, ikakhulukazi izinso, isibindi, imisipha kanye negazi lezingulube, i-Ochratoxin A ivame ukutholwa obisini kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi. Abantu bathinta i-ochratoxin A ngokudla izitshalo nezicubu zezilwane ezingcoliswe i-ochratoxin A, futhi balinyazwa i-ochratoxin A. okuphenywe kakhulu futhi kwacwaningwa nge-ochratoxin i-matrix yokungcoliswa kwemvelo emhlabeni amabele (ukolweni, ibhali, ummbila, irayisi, njll.), ikhofi, iwayini, ubhiya, isinongo, njll.
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa yimboni yokudla
1. Khetha ngokuqinile ukudla okuluhlaza kwezempilo nokuphepha, futhi zonke izinhlobo zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo zezilwane zingcoliswa isikhunta futhi ziba uguquko lwekhwalithi. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zithelelekile ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokugcinwa.
2. Ukuqinisa ukuvikeleka kwezempilo kwenqubo yokukhiqiza, amathuluzi, iziqukathi, izimoto ezithengiswayo, amapulatifomu okusebenza, njll. asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni awabulawa ngamagciwane ngesikhathi futhi axhunywe ngokuqondile nokudla, okuholela ekuthelelekeni kwesibili kwamagciwane.
3. Qaphela inhlanzeko yomuntu siqu yabasebenzi. Ngenxa yokuthi ukubulawa kwabasebenzi amagciwane, izingubo zokusebenza nezicathulo akuphelele, ngenxa yokuhlanza okungafanele noma ukuxuba nezingubo zomuntu siqu, ngemva kokungcoliswa okuphambene, ama-bacterium azolethwa endaweni yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi ngaphakathi nangaphandle, okuzongcolisa imvelo workshop
4. Indawo yokusebenzela namathuluzi kuyahlanzwa futhi kuhlanzwe amagciwane njalo. Ukuhlanzwa njalo kwe-workshop namathuluzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuvimbela ukuzalanisa isikhunta, amabhizinisi amaningi angakwazi ukukufeza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-21-2021