Phakathi kwemvelaphi ekhulayo yemicimbi yokhuseleko lokutya, uhlobo olutsha lwekiti yovavanyo olusekwe kwiUvavanyo lwe-Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)ngokuthe ngcembe iba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Ayiboneleli kuphela iindlela ezichaneke ngakumbi nezisebenzayo zokubeka iliso kubulunga bokutya kodwa ikwakha umgca wokhuseleko oqinileyo wokhuseleko lokutya kwabathengi.
Umgaqo wekhithi yovavanyo lwe-ELISA usekusebenziseni ukusabela okubophelelayo okuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-antigen kunye ne-antibody ukumisela ngokobungakanani umxholo wezinto ekujoliswe kuzo ekutyeni ngophuhliso lombala we-enzyme-catalyzed substrate. Inkqubo yokusebenza kwayo ilula ngokwentelekiso kwaye inobuchane obuphezulu kunye novakalelo, ivumela ukuchongwa okuchanekileyo kunye nokulinganisa izinto ezinobungozi ekutyeni, njenge-aflatoxin, i-ochratoxin A, kunyeT-2 ityhefu.
Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza ethile, ikhithi yovavanyo ye-ELISA ibandakanya la manyathelo alandelayo:
1. Ukulungiswa kwesampuli: Okokuqala, isampuli yokutya ekufuneka ihlolwe idinga ukucutshungulwa ngokufanelekileyo, njengokukhutshwa kunye nokuhlanjululwa, ukufumana isisombululo sesampuli esingasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa.
2. Ukongezwa kwesampuli: Isisombululo sesampuli esicwangcisiweyo songezwa kwimigodi echongiweyo kwi-plate ye-ELISA, kunye nequla ngalinye elihambelanayo nento eza kuvavanywa.
3. I-Incubation: Ipleyiti ye-ELISA eneesampuli ezongezelelweyo ifakwe kwiqondo lokushisa elifanelekileyo ixesha elithile ukuvumela ukubopha okupheleleyo phakathi kwe-antigens kunye ne-antibodies.
4. Ukuhlamba: Emva kwe-incubation, isisombululo sokuhlamba sisetyenziselwa ukususa ii-antigens ezingabotshwanga okanye ii-antibodies, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kokubopha okungabonakaliyo.
5.Ukongezwa kweSubstrate kunye nophuhliso lombala: Isisombululo seSubstrate songezwa kwiqula ngalinye, kwaye i-enzyme ekwi-antibody ebhalwe nge-enzyme yenza i-substrate iphuhlise umbala, yenze imveliso enemibala.
6. Umlinganiselo: Ixabiso lokufunxa kwemveliso enemibala kwiqula ngalinye lilinganiswa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezifana nomfundi we-ELISA. Umxholo wezinto eziza kuvavanywa emva koko ubalwa ngokusekelwe kwigophe eliqhelekileyo.
Zininzi iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweekhithi zovavanyo lwe-ELISA kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Umzekelo, ngexesha lolawulo lokhuseleko lokutya kunye novavanyo lwesampulu, abasemagunyeni olawulo lwentengiso basebenzise ikhithi yovavanyo ye-ELISA ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo amanqanaba agqithisileyo e-aflatoxin B1 kwioyile yamandongomane eveliswa sisisila seoli. Amanyathelo afanelekileyo ezohlwayo athatyathwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuthintela ngokufanelekileyo into enobungozi ekubekeni engozini abathengi.
Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokusebenza ngokulula, ukuchaneka, kunye nokuthembeka, ikhithi yovavanyo ye-ELISA isetyenziswa kakhulu kuvavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya okwahlukeneyo okunje ngeemveliso zasemanzini, iimveliso zenyama, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Ayenzi mfutshane nje ngokubalulekileyo ixesha lokubona kwaye iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kodwa ikwabonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa enamandla kumagunya olawulo ukomeleza ukongamela imarike yokutya.
Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji kunye nokwanda kolwazi lokhuseleko lokutya phakathi kwabantu, iikhithi zovavanyo ze-ELISA ziya kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo lovavanyo lokhuseleko lokutya. Kwixesha elizayo, sijonge phambili ekuveleni okuthe gqolo kokuvela kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ngokudibeneyo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso olomeleleyo lweshishini lokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo ngakumbi sokhuseleko lokutya kwabathengi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-12-2024