Isonka sinembali ende yokusebenzisa kwaye iyafumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngenxa yokupheliswa kwetekhnoloji yokulinganisa, abantu abaqhelekileyo banokutya kuphela isonka sengqolowa ezenziwe ngokuthe ngqo kumgubo wengqolowa. Emva kotshintsho lwesibini lwemizi-mveliso, inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji entsha yokugaya ikhokelele kwisonka esimhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe sithatha isonka esipheleleyo sonkalo njengokutya okuphezulu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokwazisa impilo eqingqiweyo yoluntu ngokubanzi kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila, isonka sengqolowa, njengommeli wokutya okuziinkozo, sele ubuyelele kubomi boluntu kwaye wafumana ukuthandwa. Ukwenzela ukunceda abathengi ekwenzeni ukuthenga okufanelekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa inkalo yesonka semveliso yengqolowa, ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo zokusetyenziswa.
- Isonka esipheleleyo sengqolowa sisidlo esikhutshiweyo somgubo wengqolowa wengqolowa njengesithako sayo esiphambili
1) Isonka sengqolowa sibhekisa ekutyeni okuthambileyo kunye nobumnandi obuqhelekileyo obuqhutywa ngumgubo wengqolowa, igwele lomgubo, kunye nezithako ezongezelelweyo njengomgubo wobisi, iswekile kunye netyuwa. Inkqubo yemveliso ibandakanya ukuxutywa, ukubila, ibumba, ubungqina kunye nokubhaka. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwesonka sengqolowa kunye nesonka esimhlophe silele kwizithako zabo eziphambili. Isonka sengqolowa sengqolowa senziwe ngokuyintloko somgubo wengqolowa, oquka i-endosperm, intsholongwane, kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa. Yonke imigubo yengqolowa ityebile kwi-fiber ye-fiber, i-B Vitamins, umkhondo wezinto ezizodwa, kunye nezinye izondlo. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane kunye ne-bran yomgubo owomgulayo wokuthintela ukubila kwe-domale, kukhokelela kubungakanani besonka esincinci kunye ne-coarse tures. Ngokwahlukileyo, isonka esimhlophe senziwe ngokuyintloko somvuzo wengqolowa ehlaziyiweyo, oquka ikakhulu yengqolowa, eneentsuku ezincinci zentsholongwane kunye neran.
2) Ngokusekwe kulungelelwaniso kunye nezithako, isonka sengqolowa sinokuhlelwa kwisisonka sengqolowa esithambileyo, sinesonka siphela isonka sengqolowa, kwaye sinenzwa yengqolowa yengqolowa. Isonka esithambileyo sengqolowa sinomgaqo-nkqubo we-luffy osasaze ngokulinganayo imingxunya yomoya, i-toast yonke yengqolowa yayiluhlobo oluqhelekileyo. Isonka esinengqolowa esinengqolowa esine-crust enobunzima okanye eqhekekileyo, kunye nendawo engaphakathi. Ezinye iintlobo zifakwe ngembewu yeChia, imbewu yeSesame imbewu, imbewu yejongilanga, i-pine amantongomane, kunye nezinye izithako zokuphucula i-flavour kunye nesondlo. Isonka sengqolowa esinengqolowa kubandakanya ukongeza izithako ezinje nge-cream, ioyile edliwayo, i-eqa, i-cocoa, icocoa, i-jam, i-jam, ikhokelela kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo lweencasa.
- Ukuthenga okufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa
Abathengi bayacetyiswa ukuba bathenge isonka sengqolowa kwi-bhadi esesikweni, iivenkile ezinkulu, iimarike, okanye amaqonga athe phengqiweyo, kunye nokuhoywa kwezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo:
1) Jonga uluhlu lwezinto ezifunyenweyo
Okokuqala, jonga isixa somgubo wengqolowa ongezelelweyo. Okwangoku, iimveliso kwintengiso ezithi ziyinto yonke isonka sengqolowa zinomgubo wengqolowa epheleleyo zisusela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-100%. Okwesibini, jonga isikhundla somvuzo wengqolowa wengqolowa kuluhlu lweentlutha; Ukuphakama kuyaphakama, ukuphakama kwalo. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isonka sengqolowa enomxholo ophezulu womgubo wengqolowa, unokukhetha iimveliso apho umgubo wengqolowa yesodwa okanye udweliswe kuqala kuluhlu lweentsusa. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba awukwazi ukugweba kuphela ukuba iyonke isonka sengqolowa esekwe kumbala wayo.
2) Ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo
Isonka sengqolowa esinengqolowa kunye nobomi obude beshelufa eneshayile edla ngokuba ngumxholo wokufuma ngaphantsi kwe-30%, okukhokelela kumyalelo owoyileyo. Ubomi beshelup yeshesi-uqhelene ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-6 iinyanga. Ifanele igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, epholileyo kubushushu begumbi, kude kubushushu obuphakamileyo kunye nokukhanya kwelanga ngqo. Akucetyi ukuyigcina kwifriji ukuthintela ukuba ingayi kuba yi-stale kwaye ichaphazele incasa yayo. Ifanele ityiwe ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kubomi beshelheli yayo. Isonka sengqolowa esinengqolowa kunye nobomi obufutshane obunesidima sinomxholo ophezulu wokufuma, ihlala isusela kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezisi-7. Inoluvo oluhle lokufuma kwaye incasa engcono, ngoko ilungele ukuthenga kwaye itye kwangoko.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwesayensi
Xa isebenzisa isonka sengqolowa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwezi ngongoma zintathu zilandelayo:
I-1) ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya kwincasa yayo
Ukuba uqala nje ukuqhuba isonka sengqolowa, unokuqala ukukhetha imveliso enomxholo ophantsi kakhulu womgubo wengqolowa yengqolowa. Emva kokuqhelanisa nengcambuso, unokutshintshela ngokuthe ngcembe kwiimveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu womgubo wengqolowa. Ukuba abathengi baxabisa isondlo sesonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo, banokukhetha iimveliso ezinama-50% egusha egudileyo yengqolowa.
2) Ukusetyenziswa okuphakathi
Ngokubanzi, abantu abadala banokutya iigram ezingama-50 ukuya kwi-150 yokutya okuziinkozo ezinje ngesonka sengqolowa sengqolowa (kubalwa ngokusekwe kumthombo wezixhobo zengqolowa), kwaye abantwana kufuneka banciphise inani elincitshisiweyo. Abantu abanobuchule obuthathaka bokugaya okanye izifo zenkqubo yokugaya zinokunciphisa zombini isixa kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo.
I-3) indibaniselwano efanelekileyo
Xa kuchithwa isonka sengqolowa, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ukudibanisa ngokuqiqa ngengqiqo kunye neziqhamo, imifuno, inyama, amaqanda, kunye neemveliso zobisi ukuqinisekisa ukuthathwa kwesondlo. Ukuba iimpawu ezifana nokubhloka okanye isandisi zivele emva kokuba zichithe isonka sengqolowa, okanye ukuba umntu angalunganga ukuya kwi-gluten, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UJAN-02-2025