Isonka sinembali ende yokusetyenziswa kwaye sifumaneka kwiindidi ezininzi. Ngaphambi kwenkulungwane ye-19, ngenxa yokusikelwa umda kwitekhnoloji yokugaya, abantu abaqhelekileyo babenokutya kuphela isonka sengqolowa esenziwe ngokuthe ngqo ngomgubo wengqolowa. Emva kweNguquko yesiBini yoShishino, ukuqhubela phambili kwitekhnoloji entsha yokusila kukhokelele ekubeni isonka esimhlophe ngokuthe ngcembe sithathe indawo yesonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo njengokutya okusisiseko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nolwazi oluphakamileyo lwezempilo kuluntu jikelele kunye nemigangatho yokuphila ephuculweyo, isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo, njengommeli wokutya okuziinkozo, siye sabuyela kubomi boluntu kwaye safumana ukuthandwa. Ukwenzela ukunceda abathengi ekuthengeni okufanelekileyo kwaye batye isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo ngokwenzululwazi, ezi ngcebiso zokusebenzisa zilandelayo zinikiwe.
- Isonka sengqolowa kukutya okuvundisiweyo kunye nomgubo wengqolowa njengeyona nto iphambili
1) Isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo sibhekisa kukutya okubilisiweyo okuthambileyo nokumnandi okwenziwa ikakhulu ngomgubo wengqolowa, umgubo wengqolowa, igwele kunye namanzi, kunye nezithako ezongezelelweyo ezinjengomgubo wobisi, iswekile, kunye netyuwa. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ibandakanya ukuxuba, ukubila, ukubunjwa, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokubhaka. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwesonka sengqolowa kunye nesonka esimhlophe ukwizithako zazo eziphambili. Isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo senziwa ngokuyintloko ngomgubo wengqolowa, oquka i-endosperm, i-germ, kunye ne-bran yengqolowa. Umgubo wengqolowa utyebile kwifiber yokutya, iivithamini B, ukulandelela izinto, kunye nezinye izondlo. Nangona kunjalo, intsholongwane kunye ne-bran kumgubo wengqolowa opheleleyo zithintela ukuvutshelwa kwentlama, nto leyo ekhokelela kubukhulu besonka esincinci kunye nokubunjwa okurhabaxa. Ngokwahlukileyo, isonka esimhlophe senziwa ngokuyinhloko kumgubo wengqolowa ocoliweyo, oquka ubukhulu becala i-endosperm yengqolowa, enemilinganiselo encinci yentsholongwane kunye ne-bran.
2) Ngokusekwe kuthungelwano kunye nezithako, isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo sinokuhlelwa kwisonka sengqolowa esithambileyo, isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo, kunye nesonka sengqolowa esinambindi. Isonka sengqolowa esithambileyo sinobumba obuthambileyo kunye nemingxuma yomoya esasazwe ngokulinganayo, kunye nesonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Isonka sengqolowa esiqinileyo sinoqweqwe oluqinileyo okanye oluqhekekileyo, oluthambileyo ngaphakathi. Ezinye iintlobo zifafazwe ngembewu ye-chia, imbewu yesesame, imbewu yejongilanga, i-pine nuts, kunye nezinye izithako zokuphucula incasa kunye nesondlo. Isonka esinencasa yengqolowa ibandakanya ukongeza izithako ezinje ngekhrimu, ioyile etyiwayo, amaqanda, inyama eyomileyo, i-cocoa, ijam, kunye nezinye kumphezulu okanye ngaphakathi kwintlama ngaphambi okanye emva kokubhaka, okukhokelela kuluhlu olwahlukeneyo lweencasa.
- Ukuthenga okunengqiqo kunye noGcino
Abathengi bayacetyiswa ukuba bathenge isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo ngeendawo zokubhaka ezisesikweni, iivenkile ezinkulu, iimarike, okanye amaqonga okuthenga, ngokuqwalasela la manqaku mabini alandelayo:
1) Jonga uLuhlu lweZithako
Okokuqala, jonga ubungakanani bomgubo wengqolowa obongeziweyo. Okwangoku, iimveliso kwimarike ezibanga ukuba izonka zengqolowa ziqulathe umgubo wengqolowa osusela kwi-5% ukuya kwi-100%. Okwesibini, jonga indawo yomgubo wengqolowa kuluhlu lwezithako; okukhona iphezulu, kokukhona iphezulu umxholo wayo. Ukuba ufuna ukuthenga isonka sengqolowa esinomxholo ophezulu womgubo wengqolowa, unokukhetha iimveliso apho umgubo wengqolowa ungowona mxube we-cereal okanye udweliswe kuqala kuluhlu lwezithako. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba awukwazi ukugweba kuphela ukuba isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo sisekelwe kumbala wayo.
2) Ugcino oluKhuselekileyo
Isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo esiphila ixesha elide ngokweshelufu sikholisa ukuba nesiqulatho sokufuma esingaphantsi kwe-30%, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni kome. Ubomi beshelufu ngokuqhelekileyo buqala kwi-1 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6. Kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, epholileyo kwindawo yokushisa kwegumbi, kude namaqondo aphezulu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga. Akukhuthazwa ukuyigcina efrijini ukuthintela ukuba ingabi kudala kwaye ichaphazele incasa yayo. Kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza kubomi bayo beshelufu. Isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo esinobomi obufutshane beshelufu sinomthamo ophezulu wokufuma, odla ngokuhlala ukusuka kwiintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-7. Inokugcinwa kakuhle komswakama kunye nencasa engcono, ngoko kungcono ukuyithenga kwaye uyidle ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukusetyenziswa kwezenzululwazi
Xa usitya isonka sengqolowa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ezi ngongoma zintathu zilandelayo:
1) Ngokuthe ngcembe Ziqhelanise neNcasa Yayo
Ukuba usaqala ukutya isonka sengqolowa, ungaqala ukhethe imveliso enomxholo ophantsi womgubo wengqolowa. Emva kokuqhelana nencasa, unokutshintshela kancinci kancinci kwiimveliso ezinomxholo ophezulu womgubo wengqolowa. Ukuba abathengi baxabisa isondlo sesonka esipheleleyo, banokukhetha iimveliso ezingaphezulu kwe-50% yesiqulatho somgubo wengqolowa.
2) Ukusetyenziswa okuPhakathi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abadala banokutya i-50 ukuya kwi-150 grams yokutya okuziinkozo okufana nesonka sengqolowa ngosuku (kubalwa ngokusekelwe kumxholo weenkozo ezipheleleyo / umgubo wengqolowa opheleleyo), kwaye abantwana kufuneka badle isixa esincitshisiweyo esihambelanayo. Abantu abanesakhono esibuthathaka sokwetyisa okanye izifo zesixokelelwano sokwetyisa banokunciphisa zombini ubungakanani kunye nokuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa.
3) Ukudibanisa okufanelekileyo
Xa kutyiwa isonka sengqolowa, kufanele kunikelwe ingqalelo ekusidibaniseni ngokusengqiqweni neziqhamo, imifuno, inyama, amaqanda, neemveliso zobisi ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba sisonwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuba iimpawu ezinjengokudumba okanye urhudo lwenzeka emva kokutya isonka sengqolowa esipheleleyo, okanye ukuba umntu uguqukile kwigluten, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ungatyi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-02-2025