Ngokuphuculwa kwemigangatho yokuphila, abathengi bahlawula ukwanda kwengqwalaselo kumgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwenyama. Njengeemveliso ezimbini zenyama ephambili, inyama ephekiweyo kunye nenyama eqandusiweyo zihlala zingumxholo wengxoxo malunga "nengca" yabo kunye "nokhuseleko". Ngaba inyama yenyama ikhuselekile kunenyama enomkhenkce? Ngaba i-rolln meats i-harbor ngaphezulu kwebhaktiriya ngenxa yokugcina ixesha elide? Eli nqaku liqaqanjelwe ngokuqonda umahluko wokhuseleko phakathi kwababini ngedatha yovavanyo lwesayensi, iingcali zoTyelelo, kunye nokuSebenzisa isiseko semeko esenza ukhetho.
- Inyama ephekileyo inyama yenyama: Thelekisa iinkcazo kunye neenkqubo zokulungisa
1)Inyama ephelileyo: Ukutsha kweSurt egcinwe kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kuyo yonke inkqubo
Inyama ephekiweyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba yinyama egcinwe ebandayo ene-lactic acid, ilandela la manyathelo aqhubayo:
- Ukuphola ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxhelwa: Emva kokuxhelwa, isidumbu sipholile ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-4-4 ° C ngaphakathi kweeyure ezi-2 ukuthintela ukuveliswa kwe-ronial.
- I-Lactic Acid ukususwa: Kushiywe ukuba uphumle kwindalo yobushushu engama-24 ukuya kwengama-40 ukuphelisa i-deyele i-lactic acid, i-fiber yemisipha, kwaye yandisa incasa.
- Ukuhamba kwe-chain ebandayo kulo lonke ilizwe: Ukusuka kwiNkqubo yokuThengwa, iqondo lobushushu ligcinwa ngaphakathi kuluhlu lwe-0-4 ° C, ngobomi beshelgu yeentsuku ezingama-3-7.
2)Inyama eqanduselweyo: Ukukhawuleza kwe-freying chunga kwi "Station"
I-CORE YENKQUBO YOKUGQIBELA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA "Itekhnoloji yokukhawuleza"
- Ukuqaqanjelwa ngokukhawuleza: inyama entsha emva kokuxhelwa kukhawuleza kwibala elingezantsi -28 ° C, kubangela amanzi amdaka ukwenza amakristali emkhenkceni, ukunciphisa umonakalo kumgangatho wenyama.
- Ukugcinwa kwexesha elide: Ingagcinwa kwiqondo lokushisa elihlala likhulu i-froadzer kwi-18 ° C kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezi-12 kwaye kufuneka ityiwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokucheba.
Umahluko ophambili:Inyama ephelileyo igxininisa "incasa entsha nethenda ithenda" kodwa inefestile emfutshane yokugcina. Imibingelelo eqaqambileyo yenyama eqaqambileyo yobomi obude beshelheli.
- Uvavanyo lupheleleyo lwe-bacterialUvavanyo: Umceli mngeni ophakathi kunye nobushushu
Ukuthelekisa ukhuseleko lwentsholongwane yeentlobo ezimbini zenyama, iziko lovavanyo olugunyazisiweyo ziqhutywa luvavanyo kwi-batch enye, ukulinganisa iimeko zokugcina zasekhaya:
Uyilo lovavanyo
- Isampulu yesampula: I-verk ye-verk entsha yahlulahlulwe yangamaqela enyama ephekiweyo (i-7) kunye neqela lenyama eqandusiweyo (iqabaka kwi-18 ° C).
- Amaxesha ovavanyo Amanqaku: Usuku lwe-1 (ilizwe lokuqala), usuku 3, uSuku lwe-7, kunye neqela le-14 (kuphela kwiqela eliqaqambileyo).
- Izalathisi zoCwangciso: I-Bacterial Tont Tacteria iyonke (CFU / G), i-Coliform Bacteria, kunye neBacteriac Bacteria (IsalmonellakwayeI-Staphylococcus Aureus).
Iziphumo zovavanyo
| Ixesha lovavanyo | I-Bacteria iyonke ye-bacterial yenyama yenyama (CFU / g) | I-Bacteria iyonke ye-Bictery yeGrozen nyama (CFU / g) |
| Usuku 1 | 3.2 × 10⁴ | 1.1 × 10⁴ |
| Usuku 3 | 8.5 × 10⁵ | 1.3 × 10⁴ (ukungasebenzi) |
| USUKU 7 | 2.3 × 10 ⁷ (ngaphezulu kwenqanaba leSizwe leSizwe) | 1.5 × 10⁴ (ukungasebenzi) |
| Usuku lwe-14 | - | 2.8 × 10⁴ (ukungasebenzi) |
Ukuvavanywa kwenyama ebandayo emva kokutsalwa:
Emva kokubekwa kwaye kubekwe kwi-4 ° indalo esingqongileyo iiyure ezingama-24, ukubalwa kwebhakthane ye-bacteria eyakhiweyo ukuya ku-4.8 × 10º CFU / G, ukusondela kwinqanaba lenyama ye-3.
Isiphelo sokuvavanywa
I-1) Inyama ephekiweyo: Ukuthintela i-bacteria kuyavela ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngaphezulu komda we-1 × 10º CFU / G I-CFU / I-GARY YOKUKHUSELEKO ZOKHUSELEKILEYO "(GB 2707) ngosuku lwesi-7.
2) Inyama eqanduselweyo: Ukuveliswa kwentsholongwane kuphantswa ukuba i-At -18 ° C, kodwa i-bactery gody vemes uphinda-phinde emva kokutsala, ukukhawulezisa i-spoilage.
3) Umngcipheko we-bacteriac ye-bacteriac: Akukho bacteriac backteria ezinjengeSalmonella bafunyanwa kweli qela leesampulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukubalwa kwebhakthariya egqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekuthandeni okwenziweyo kunye ne-odors, ukwandisa umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa.
- Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwembono kunye nesikhokelo sesayensi
Imbono ephosakeleyo 1: Ngaba inyama ehlawulelwayo ikhuselekile kunenyama enomkhenkce?
Inyani: Ukhuseleko lokubini luxhomekeke kwiimeko zokugcina. Ukuba inyama ephelileyo ityhilwe kwiishelufa zevenkile enkulu kakhulu okanye igcinwe ekhaya ngaphezulu kweentsuku ezintathu, umngcipheko unokuphezulu kunenyama eqaqambileyo.
Imbono ephosakeleyo 2: Ngaba inyama ekhwele i-frozen ihluphekile ilahleko yesondlo?
InyaniItekhnoloji yokukhawulezisa i-freeze yokukhawulezisa ingayigcina ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezakha mzimba, ngelixa inyama ephelileyo iqhelekile ekuphulukaneni neevithamini ezinje nge-B1 ngenxa yokuphendula kwe-hdrolysis.
Ukuthenga kwesayensi kunye neengcebiso zokugcina
1) Ngenyama ephelileyo:
Xa uthenga, jonga umbala (ubomvu oqaqambileyo nge-gloss), ukuthungwa (kancinci kwaye kungabinamatheli), kunye ne-odor (i-dolocid (i-racid ivumba).
Kugcino lwasekhaya, tywina inyama ngesongelo seplastiki kwaye ubeke kwindawo ebandayo yefriji (ihlala kufutshane nodonga lwasemva), ichitha ngaphakathi kwiintsuku ezintathu.
2)Yenyama eqanduyo:
Khetha iimveliso ezinamakristali emkhenkce encinci kunye nokupakishwa okungapheliyo, kuphephe inyama "ye-zombie" eyakhiwe i-hinutle kwaye ikhuphe.
Xa i-theing, sebenzisa "indlela yokuhamba kancinci" i-freezer kwifriji iiyure ezili-12, emva koko ithole kumanzi ane-stewar.
3)Imigaqo ngokubanzi:
Hlamba umphezulu wenyama enamanzi abalekayo ngaphambi kokupheka, kodwa kuphephe ukufika ixesha elide.
Qinisekisa ukuba iqondo lobushushu lokupheka lwangaphakathi lifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-75 ° C ukuba isebenze ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: Mar-04-2025