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Munzvimbo dzinopisa, dzine hunyoro kana dzimwe nzvimbo, chikafu chinowanzoita mildew. Honzeri huru ivhu. Chikamu chinoumbwa chatinoona ndicho chikamu icho mycelium ye mold yakanyatsogadzirwa uye inoumbwa, inova mhedzisiro ye "kukura". Uye pedyo nechikafu chine chakuvhe, kwave kune zviumbwa zvakawanda zvisingaoneki. Mold icharamba ichipararira muzvokudya, kuwanda kwekupararira kwayo kwakabatana nemvura yezvokudya uye kuoma kwehutu. Kudya chikafu chine chakuvhe kuchaita kukuvadza kukuru kumuviri wemunhu.
Mold imhando yefungi. Muchetura unogadzirwa ne mold unonzi mycotoxin. Ochratoxin A inogadzirwa neAspergillus uye Penicillium. Zvakaonekwa kuti marudzi manomwe eAspergillus ne6 marudzi ePenicillium anogona kugadzira ochratoxin A, asi inonyanyogadzirwa ne pure Penicillium viride, ochratoxin neAspergillus niger.
Muchetura uyu unonyanya kukanganisa zvigadzirwa zvezviyo, zvakaita semapfunde, bhari, gorosi, chibage uye chikafu chemhuka.
Zvinonyanya kukuvadza chiropa neitsvo dzemhuka nevanhu. Huwandu hukuru hwehupfu hunogonawo kukonzera kuzvimba uye necrosis yemukati mucosa mumhuka, uye zvakare ine yakanyanya carcinogenic, teratogenic uye mutagenic mhedzisiro.
GB 2761-2017 yenyika kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu mwero miganho yemycotoxins muchikafu inotara kuti huwandu hunotenderwa hweochratoxin A muzviyo, bhinzi uye zvigadzirwa zvadzo hazvifanire kudarika 5 μ g/kg;
GB 13078-2017 chiyero chehutsanana chekudya chinotara kuti huwandu hunotenderwa hweochratoxin A mukudya hahufanire kudarika 100 μ g/kg.
GB 5009.96-2016 chiyero chekuchengetedza chikafu chenyika Kutemerwa kwe ochratoxin A muchikafu
GB / T 30957-2014 kutsunga kweochratoxin A mune feed immunoaffinity column yekuchenesa nzira yeHPLC, nezvimwe.

Maitiro ekudzora kusvibiswa kwe ochratoxinChikonzero chekusvibiswa kwe ochratoxin muchikafu
Nekuti ochratoxin A inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mune zvakasikwa, zvirimwa zvakawanda uye chikafu, zvinosanganisira zviyo, michero yakaomeswa, mazambiringa newaini, kofi, koko nechokoreti, mishonga yemakwenzi yekuChina, zvirunga, chikafu chemumagaba, mafuta, maorivhi, zvigadzirwa zvebhinzi, doro, tii uye. zvimwe zvirimwa nezvokudya zvinogona kusvibiswa neochratoxin A. Kusvibiswa kweochratoxin A muchikafu chemhuka kwakaipisisa. Munyika umo chikafu ndicho chikamu chikuru chekudya kwemhuka, seEurope, chikafu chemhuka chakasvibiswa neochratoxin A, zvichiita kuti ochratoxin A iunganidzwe muvivo. Nekuda kwekuti ochratoxin A yakanyatsogadzikana mumhuka uye haisi nyore kugadzirwa uye kushatiswa, chikafu chemhuka, kunyanya itsvo, chiropa, tsandanyama neropa renguruve, Ochratoxin A inowanzoonekwa mumukaka nemukaka. Vanhu vanobata ochratoxin A kuburikidza nekudya zvirimwa nenyama yemhuka yakasvibiswa neochratoxin A, uye vanokuvadzwa neochratoxin A. yakanyanya kuferefetwa nekudzidzwa paochratoxin a matrix inosvibisa pasi rose zviyo (gorosi, bhari, chibage, mupunga, zvichingodaro). kofi, waini, doro, zvinonhuwira, nezvimwewo.

Matanho anotevera anogona kutorwa nefekitari yezvekudya
1. Kunyatso sarudza chikafu mbishi zvinhu zvehutano uye chengetedzo, uye marudzi ese emiti yemhuka yakasvibiswa yakasvibiswa ne mold uye inova yemhando shanduko. Zvinogoneka zvakare kuti zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakatapukirwa panguva yekuunganidza nekuchengetedza.
2. Kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwekugadzirwa kwemaitiro, maturusi, midziyo, mota dzekuchinja, mapuratifomu ekushanda, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa mukugadzira hazvina kuuraya utachiona panguva uye zvakasangana zvakananga nechikafu, zvichikonzera yechipiri muchinjikwa utachiona hwebhakitiriya.
3. Teerera kune hutsanana hwevashandi. Nekuti kuuraya hutachiona hwevashandi, zvipfeko zvebasa neshangu hazvina kukwana, nekuda kwekucheneswa kana kusanganiswa nembatya dzemunhu, mushure mekusvibiswa kwemuchinjiko, mabhakitiriya anounzwa mumusangano wekugadzira kuburikidza nevashandi mukati nekunze, izvo zvinosvibisa nharaunda musangano
4. Musangano nezvishandiso zvinocheneswa uye kuvharirwa nguva nenguva. Kugara kucheneswa kweworkshop uye maturusi chikamu chakakosha chekudzivirira kubereka kwe mold, izvo zvisingagone kuitwa nemabhizinesi mazhinji.