amakuru

Mu bushyuhe, ubushuhe cyangwa ibindi bidukikije, ibiryo bikunda kurwara. Nyirabayazana nyamukuru ni ibumba. Igice cyumubyimba tubona mubyukuri igice cya mycelium yikibumbano cyateye imbere kandi kigashingwa, ibyo bikaba ibisubizo by "gukura". Kandi hafi y'ibiryo byumye, habaye ibishushanyo byinshi bitagaragara. Ibibumbano bizakomeza gukwirakwira mu biribwa, urugero rwabyo bikwirakwizwa bijyanye n’amazi y’ibiribwa n'uburemere bwa mildew. Kurya ibiryo byangiritse bizangiza cyane umubiri wumuntu.
Ibumba ni ubwoko bwibihumyo. Uburozi bwakozwe nububiko bwitwa mycotoxine. Ochratoxin A ikorwa na Aspergillus na Penicillium. Byagaragaye ko ubwoko 7 bwa Aspergillus nubwoko 6 bwa Penicilium bushobora kubyara ochratoxine A, ariko ikorwa ahanini na virusi ya Penicillium, ochratoxin na Aspergillus niger.
Uburozi bwanduza cyane cyane ibinyampeke, nka oati, sayiri, ingano, ibigori n'ibiryo by'amatungo.
Yangiza cyane umwijima nimpyiko zinyamaswa n'abantu. Umubare munini wuburozi bushobora nanone gutera uburibwe na nérosose ya mucosa yo munda mu nyamaswa, kandi ikagira n'ingaruka za kanseri nyinshi, teratogene na mutagenic.
GB 2761-2017 igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa ku rwego rw’igihugu cya mycotoxine mu biribwa giteganya ko umubare wemewe wa ochratoxine A mu binyampeke, ibishyimbo n’ibicuruzwa byabo utazarenza 5 μ g / kg ；
GB 13078-2017 igaburo ryisuku ryibiryo riteganya ko umubare wemewe wa ochratoxine A mubiryo utarenga 100 μ g / kg。
GB 5009.96-2016 Igipimo cy’umutekano w’ibiribwa mu gihugu Kugena ochratoxine A mu biribwa
GB / T 30957-2014 kugena ochratoxine A mugaburira immunoaffinity inkingi yo kweza HPLC, nibindi.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya umwanda wa ochratoxine Impamvu itera umwanda wa ochratoxine mubiryo
Kubera ko ochratoxin A ikwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere, ibihingwa byinshi n'ibiribwa, birimo ingano, imbuto zumye, inzabibu na vino, ikawa, cakao na shokora, imiti y'ibyatsi yo mu Bushinwa, ikirungo, ibiryo byabitswe, amavuta, imyelayo, ibishyimbo, byeri, icyayi na ibindi bihingwa nibiribwa birashobora kwanduzwa na ochratoxin A. Umwanda wa ochratoxine A mubiryo byamatungo nabyo birakomeye cyane. Mu bihugu aho ibiryo aribyo bigize ibiryo by'amatungo, nk'Uburayi, ibiryo by'amatungo byandujwe na ochratoxine A, bikaviramo kwigwizaho ochratoxine A muri vivo. Kubera ko ochratoxine A itajegajega cyane mu nyamaswa kandi ntabwo byoroshye guhinduranya no kwangirika, ibiryo by'inyamaswa, cyane cyane impyiko, umwijima, imitsi n'amaraso y'ingurube, Ochratoxin A ikunze kugaragara mu mata n'ibikomoka ku mata. Abantu bahura na ochratoxine A binyuze mu kurya ibihingwa hamwe ninyama zinyamaswa zandujwe na ochratoxine A, kandi bakangizwa na ochratoxin A. ubushakashatsi bwakozwe cyane kandi bwize kuri ochratoxin matrix yanduye ku isi ni ibinyampeke (ingano, sayiri, ibigori, umuceri, nibindi), ikawa, vino, byeri, ibirungo, nibindi

Ingamba zikurikira zirashobora gufatwa nuruganda rwibiribwa
1. Hitamo neza ibiryo fatizo byibiribwa byubuzima n’umutekano, kandi ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho fatizo by’ibikomoka ku matungo byandujwe nimbuto kandi bihinduka impinduka zujuje ubuziranenge. Birashoboka kandi ko ibikoresho fatizo byanduye mugihe cyo gukusanya no kubika.
2. Gushimangira ubuzima bwiza bwibikorwa byumusaruro, ibikoresho, kontineri, ibinyabiziga bitwara ibicuruzwa, urubuga rukora, nibindi bikoreshwa mu musaruro ntabwo byanduza igihe kandi ntibihure neza n’ibiribwa, bikaviramo kwandura kwa kabiri kwa bagiteri.
3. Witondere isuku yumuntu ku giti cye. Kubera ko kwanduza abakozi, imyambaro y'akazi n'inkweto bituzuye, kubera isuku idakwiye cyangwa kuvanga n'imyenda bwite, nyuma yo kwanduza umusaraba, bagiteri zizinjizwa mu mahugurwa y’umusaruro binyuze mu bakozi ndetse no hanze, ibyo bikaba byanduza ibidukikije bya amahugurwa
4. Amahugurwa nibikoresho bisukurwa kandi bigahinduka buri gihe. Gusukura buri gihe amahugurwa nibikoresho ni igice cyingenzi cyo gukumira ubworozi, imishinga myinshi idashobora kubigeraho.