Amakuru

1. Inyama zakonje na inyama zikonje: Kugereranya ibisobanuro nuburyo bwo gutunganya

1)Inyama zakonje: gushya bibitswe ahantu hake hose

Inyama zakonje, zizwi kandi nkinyama zikonje zikaba zirimo gukuraho acide, ikurikira izi ntambwe zitunganya:

• Gukonjesha byihuse nyuma yo kubagwa: Nyuma yo kubaga, umurambo urakonjesha kuri 0-4 ° C mu masaha 2 kugirango uhagarike imyororokere ya mikorobe.
• Gukuraho Acide: Nyuma hasigaye kuruhuka mubushyuhe buri gihe cyamasaha 24-48 kugirango atandure acide, imitsi yoroshya imitsi, no kuzamura imitsi yoroheje, kandi yongerera uburyohe.
• Ubwikorezi bukonje muri byose: Kuva gutunganya, ubushyuhe bukomejwe murwego rwa 0-4 ° C, hamwe nubuzima busanzwe bwiminsi 3-7.

2)Inyama zikonje: Gufunga byihuse muri "Leta yumwimerere"

Intangiriro yibinyoma byinyama zafunzwe muri "tekinoroji ya Freziid Freenzing":

• Freid Freezing: Inyama nshya nyuma yo kubaga vuba aha ibidukikije hepfo -28 ° C, bigatera amazi yo guterana amazi kugirango akore inyamanswa ntoya, kugabanya ibyangiritse ku nyama.
• Ububiko burebure: Birashobora kubikwa mu bushyuhe buri gihe kuri -18 ° C kumanota 6-12 kandi agomba gukoreshwa vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kubyara. 

Itandukaniro ryingenzi:Inyama zakonje zishimangira "uburyohe bushya kandi bwuganwa" ariko bifite idirishya rigufi. Inyama zikonje ibitambo uburyohe kuburyo burebure mubuzima bwa minisiteri.

1. Ikigereranyo cya bagiteri cyose cyo kwipimishaIgeragezwa: Ikibazo cyuzuye cyigihe nubushyuhe

Kugereranya umutekano wa microbial wubwoko bubiri bwinyama, ikigo cyipimisha cyo kwipimisha cyakoze ubushakashatsi bwateganijwe ku ingurube ziva mu cyiciro kimwe, zigana ibidukikije byo mu rugo:

Igishushanyo mbonera

• Icyitegererezo: Amarapi y'ingurube nshya yagabanijwe mu itsinda ry'inyama zometse (firigo kuri 0-4 ° C) n'itsinda ry'inyama ryakonje (FroZen At -18 ° C).
• Kwipimisha igihe: Umunsi wa 1 (Leta ya mbere), umunsi wa 3, umunsi wa 7, numunsi wa 14 (gusa mumatsinda akonje).
• Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Kubara ibihugu byose bya bagiteri (CFU / G), bagiteri za collaimiya, na bagiteri za patteri (SalmonellakandiStaphylococccus aureus).

Ibisubizo byo kugerageza

Igihe cyo kugerageza	Kubara imipira yose yinyama zakonje (CFU / G)	Kubara imipira yose yinyama zakonje (CFU / G)
Umunsi wa 1	3.2 × 10⁴	1.1 × 10⁴
Umunsi wa 3	8.5 × 10⁵	1.3 × 10⁴ (kuvugururwa)
Umunsi wa 7	2.3 × 10⁷ (Kurenga Ibipimo byigihugu)	1.5 × 10⁴ (kuvugurura)
Umunsi wa 14	-	2.8 × 10⁴ (kuvugururwa)

Kwipimisha inyama zikonje nyuma yo kubyara:

Nyuma yo guhembwa no gushyirwa muri 4 ° C amasaha 24, muramu zose za bagiteri zabazaga 4.8 × 10⁵ cfu / g, wegera urwego rwinyama zakonje kumunsi wa 3.

Umwanzuro ushimishije

1) Inyama zakonje: Ikigereranyo cya bagiteri kiriyongera mugihe cya 1 × 10⁷ CFU / G yasobanuwe mububiko bwibiribwa bwubushinwa "(GB 2707-2016) kumunsi wa 7.

2) Inyama zikonje: kubyara bya bagiteri birahagarara kuri -18 ° C, ariko ibikorwa bya bagiteri birakomeza nyuma yo gutunganya, kwihuta.

3) Bagiteri za bagiteri za patteri: Nta bagiteri ya pathogenic nka Salmonella yagaragaye mu itsinda ryitegererezo. Ariko, kubara birenze urugero bya bagiteri birashobora gutuma kwangirika no hanze ya oders, byongera ibyago byo kurya.

1. Ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubuyobozi bwa siyansi

Imyumvire itari 1: Inyama zaciwe byanze bikunze kuruta inyama zikonje?
Ukuri: Umutekano wibintu byombi biterwa nuburyo bwo kubika. Niba inyama zikonje zerekanwe ku masaha yo hejuru cyane cyangwa ibitswe mu rugo iminsi irenga itatu, ibyago birashobora kuba hejuru kuruta inyama zafunzwe.

Imyumvire itari 2: Inyama zikonje zirwaye intungamubiri zikomeye?
Ukuri: Ikoranabuhanga ryihuse-rikonje rishobora kugumana intungamubiri zirenga 90%, mugihe inyama zikonje zikunda gutakaza vitamine nka B1 kubera okiside hamwe na hydrolysis. 

Kugura siyanse no Kubika Ibibi
1) Inyama zakonje:

Mugihe ugura, witegereze ibara (umutuku ugurumana hamwe na gloss), imiterere (itoroshye kandi ntabwo akomeye), na odor (kubuntu).

Kububiko murugo, funga inyama zipfunyitse pulasitike hanyuma ubishyire mugice gikonje cyane cya firigo (mubisanzwe hafi yurukuta rwinyuma), bikagutwara mugihe cyiminsi itatu.

2)Inyama zikonje:

Hitamo ibicuruzwa hamwe na kashi ntoya ya kato hamwe nibipanda bidashidikanywaho, wirinde "inyama za Zombie" zahinduwe kandi zirogereza.

Iyo cuwong, koresha ubushyuhe "buhoro buhoro": kwimura muri firigo kuri firigo kumasaha 12, hanyuma ushire mumazi yumunyu kugirango ubohore.

3)Amahame rusange:

Koza ubuso bwinyama hamwe namazi atemba mbere yo guteka, ahubwo wirinde gushiramo ibihe byinshi.

Menya neza ko ubushyuhe bwo guteka bwimbere bugera kuri 75 ° C kuri bagiteri neza.