Pakati pazovuta zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zachitetezo chazakudya, mtundu watsopano wa zida zoyeserera zochokera kuKuyeza kwa Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)pang'onopang'ono ikukhala chida chofunikira poyesa chitetezo cha chakudya. Sizimangopereka njira zolondola komanso zoyenera zowunika momwe zakudya zilili komanso zimamanga njira yolimba yodzitchinjiriza kuti chakudya cha ogula chitetezeke.
Mfundo ya ELISA test kit yagona pakugwiritsa ntchito momwe amamangirira pakati pa antigen ndi antibody kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzakudya kudzera pakukula kwa mtundu wa enzyme-catalyzed substrate. Kachitidwe kake kamakhala kosavuta ndipo kamakhala ndi katchulidwe kakang'ono komanso kakukhudzika, komwe kumathandizira kuzindikira komanso kuyeza zinthu zovulaza m'zakudya, monga aflatoxin, ochratoxin A, ndiT-2 poizoni.
Pankhani yamachitidwe apadera, zida zoyeserera za ELISA nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi izi:
1. Kukonzekera kwachitsanzo: Choyamba, chitsanzo cha chakudya choyesedwa chiyenera kukonzedwa moyenera, monga kuchotsa ndi kuyeretsa, kuti tipeze yankho lachitsanzo lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira.
2. Zitsanzo zowonjezera: Chitsanzo chokonzekera chikuwonjezeredwa ku zitsime zosankhidwa mu mbale ya ELISA, ndi chitsime chilichonse chogwirizana ndi chinthu choyenera kuyesedwa.
3. Incubation: Mbale ya ELISA yokhala ndi zitsanzo zowonjezera imayikidwa pa kutentha koyenera kwa nthawi kuti ilole kumangirira kwathunthu pakati pa ma antigen ndi ma antibodies.
4. Kutsuka: Pambuyo pa makulitsidwe, njira yotsuka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa ma antigen osamangika kapena ma antibodies, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa kumanga kosakhazikika.
5.Kuphatikizika kwa gawo lapansi ndi kakulidwe ka mtundu: Njira ya gawo lapansi imawonjezeredwa pachitsime chilichonse, ndipo enzyme yomwe ili pa antibody yolembedwa ndi enzyme imathandizira gawolo kuti likhale lamtundu, ndikupanga chinthu chamitundu.
6. Kuyeza: Mtengo wa kuyamwa kwa mankhwala achikuda pachitsime chilichonse amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga owerenga ELISA. Zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa zimawerengedwa motengera kapindika wokhazikika.
Pali milandu yambiri yogwiritsira ntchito zida zoyeserera za ELISA pakuyesa chitetezo chazakudya. Mwachitsanzo, poyang'anira chitetezo chazakudya komanso kuyang'anira zitsanzo, akuluakulu oyang'anira msika adagwiritsa ntchito zida zoyesera za ELISA kuti azindikire mwachangu komanso molondola kuchuluka kwa aflatoxin B1 mumafuta a mtedza opangidwa ndi mphero yamafuta. Njira zoyenerera za chilango zinatengedwa mwamsanga, kutetezera bwino zinthu zovulazazo kuti zisawononge ogula.
Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chosavuta kugwira ntchito, kulondola, komanso kudalirika, zida zoyesera za ELISA zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyesa chitetezo chazakudya zosiyanasiyana monga zam'madzi, nyama, ndi mkaka. Sizimangofupikitsa nthawi yodziwikiratu komanso zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke komanso zimapereka chithandizo champhamvu kwa olamulira kuti alimbikitse kuyang'anira msika wazakudya.
Ndikupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo komanso chidziwitso chowonjezereka cha chitetezo cha chakudya pakati pa anthu, zida zoyeserera za ELISA zitenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakuyesa chitetezo cha chakudya. M'tsogolomu, tikuyembekezera kuonekera mosalekeza kwa zatsopano zamakono, kulimbikitsa pamodzi chitukuko champhamvu cha makampani otetezera chakudya ndi kupereka chitsimikizo cholimba cha chitetezo cha chakudya cha ogula.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2024