nkhani

M'malo otentha, achinyezi kapena malo ena, chakudya chimakhala ndi mildew. Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi nkhungu. Gawo lachinkhungu lomwe timaliwona ndilo gawo lomwe mycelium ya nkhungu imapangidwira kwathunthu ndikupangidwa, zomwe ndi zotsatira za "kukhwima". Ndipo pafupi ndi chakudya chankhungu, pali nkhungu zambiri zosaoneka. Nkhungu idzapitirizabe kufalikira mu chakudya, kukula kwa kufalikira kwake kumagwirizana ndi madzi a chakudya ndi kuopsa kwa mildew. Kudya chakudya chankhungu kungawononge kwambiri thupi la munthu.
Nkhungu ndi mtundu wa bowa. Poizoni wopangidwa ndi nkhungu amatchedwa mycotoxin. Ochratoxin A imapangidwa ndi Aspergillus ndi Penicillium. Zapezeka kuti mitundu 7 ya Aspergillus ndi mitundu 6 ya Penicillium imatha kupanga ochratoxin A, koma imapangidwa makamaka ndi Penicillium viride, ochratoxin ndi Aspergillus niger.
Poizoniyu amawononga kwambiri zinthu zambewu monga oats, balere, tirigu, chimanga ndi chakudya cha ziweto.
Zimawononga kwambiri chiwindi ndi impso za nyama ndi anthu. Kuchuluka kwa poizoni kungayambitsenso kutupa ndi necrosis ya matumbo mucosa nyama, komanso ali kwambiri carcinogenic, teratogenic ndi mutagenic zotsatira.
GB 2761-2017 malire a chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko lonse a mycotoxins muzakudya amati kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa ochratoxin A mumbewu, nyemba ndi zinthu zawo zisapitirire 5 μ g/kg;
Muyezo waukhondo wa GB 13078-2017 umanena kuti kuchuluka kovomerezeka kwa ochratoxin A muzakudya zisapitirire 100 μ g/kg.
GB 5009.96-2016 muyezo wa chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko Kutsimikiza kwa ochratoxin A mu chakudya
GB / T 30957-2014 kutsimikiza kwa ochratoxin A mu feed immunoaffinity column kuyeretsa njira ya HPLC, etc.

Momwe mungaletsere kuipitsidwa kwa ochratoxinChoyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa ochratoxin m'zakudya
Chifukwa ochratoxin A imafalitsidwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe, mbewu zambiri ndi zakudya, kuphatikizapo tirigu, zipatso zouma, mphesa ndi vinyo, khofi, koko ndi chokoleti, mankhwala azitsamba achi China, zokometsera, zakudya zamzitini, mafuta, azitona, nyemba, mowa, tiyi ndi mbewu ndi zakudya zina zitha kuipitsidwa ndi ochratoxin A. Kuipitsa kwa ochratoxin A muzakudya za ziweto nakonso ndikowopsa. M'mayiko omwe chakudya ndi chigawo chachikulu cha chakudya cha ziweto, monga ku Ulaya, chakudya cha ziweto chomwe chili ndi ochratoxin A, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ochratoxin A ikhale mu vivo. Chifukwa ochratoxin A imakhala yokhazikika pazinyama ndipo sichimasinthidwa mosavuta ndikuwonongeka, chakudya cha nyama, makamaka impso, chiwindi, minofu ndi magazi a nkhumba, Ochratoxin A nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu mkaka ndi mkaka. Anthu amakumana ndi ochratoxin A podya mbewu ndi nyama zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi ochratoxin A, ndipo amavulazidwa ndi ochratoxin A. Zomwe zimafufuzidwa ndikuphunziridwa kwambiri pa ochratoxin a matrix oipitsa dziko lapansi ndi njere (tirigu, balere, chimanga, mpunga, ndi zina zotero). khofi, vinyo, mowa, zokometsera, etc.

Njira zotsatirazi zitha kutengedwa ndi fakitale yazakudya
1. Sankhani mozama zakudya zopangira thanzi ndi chitetezo, ndipo mitundu yonse yazomera zanyama zimaipitsidwa ndi nkhungu ndipo zimasintha bwino. N'kuthekanso kuti zipangizo zakhala ndi kachilombo panthawi yosonkhanitsa ndi kusunga.
2. Kulimbitsa chitetezo chaumoyo wa kupanga, zida, zotengera, magalimoto obweza, nsanja zogwirira ntchito, ndi zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sizikhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi chakudya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mabakiteriya apirire.
3. Samalani ndi ukhondo wa ogwira ntchito. Chifukwa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zovala zantchito ndi nsapato sizokwanira, chifukwa cha kuyeretsedwa kosayenera kapena kusakanikirana ndi zovala zamunthu, pambuyo poipitsidwa, mabakiteriya adzabweretsedwa mumsonkhano wopanga kudzera mwa ogwira ntchito mkati ndi kunja, zomwe zidzaipitsa chilengedwe. msonkhano
4. Malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zida zimatsukidwa ndi kutsekeredwa pafupipafupi. Kuyeretsa pafupipafupi kwa msonkhano ndi zida ndi gawo lofunikira popewa kuswana nkhungu, zomwe mabizinesi ambiri sangathe kukwaniritsa.