Ndi kusintha kwa miyezo, ogula akulipira chidwi ndi chitetezo komanso chitetezo cha nyama. Monga zinthu ziwiri zoyambirira za nyama, nyama yozizira komanso nyama yozizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsutsana nazo zokhudzana ndi "kulawa" kwawo komanso "chitetezo". Kodi nyama yotsekemera imakhala yotetezeka kuposa nyama yowunda? Kodi mabakiteri achisanu amakhala ndi mabakiteriya ochulukirapo chifukwa chosungirako nthawi yayitali? NKHANI IZI ZINSINSI ZOSAVUTA KUSINTHA KWA ZINSINSI ZIWIRI POPANDA CHITSANZO CHOKHUDZA ZOSAVUTA ZA ASIYAMAYA, KUSINTHA KWA DZIKO, NDI KUSINTHA KWA DZIKO, NDI ZOFUNIKIRA KWAMBIRI, KUPANGITSA OGWIRA NTCHITO YABWINO KWAMBIRI KWA ZINSINSI.
- Chotupa nyama vs. nyama youndana: kuyerekezera kwa matanthauzidwe ndi njira zoyendetsera
1)Nyama yotupa: Kukhala watsopano kusungidwa pamatenthedwe ochepa
Nyama yotupa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti nyama yosungidwa yozizira yomwe yasinthidwa acid yochotsa, imatsata izi:
- Kuzizira msanga pambuyo popha: mtembowo utaphedwa mwachangu mpaka 0-4 ° C mkati mwa maola awiri kuti alepheretse microbial.
- Lactic acid kuchotsedwa: Kenako imatsala kuti ipumule nthawi zonse pamaola 24-48 kuwola lactic acid, kufewetsa minofu, ndikulawa.
- Maulendo ozizira onse: Kukonzanso kuti agulitse, kutentha kumasungidwa mkati mwa 0-4 ° C, wokhala ndi moyo wa alumali wa masiku 3-7.
2)Nyama youndana: Malo ozizira ozizira mu "boma loyambirira"
Pakati pa zoumba zoundana ndi mabodza a "ukadaulo wozizira msanga":
- Kuzizira mwachangu: nyama yatsopano mukaphedwa kumazizira kwambiri padera -2 ° C
- Kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali: Itha kusungidwa nthawi zonse kutentha ku -18 ° C kwa miyezi 6-12 ndipo iyenera kudyedwa posachedwa pambuyo pakuchepetsa.
Kusiyana kwakukulu:Nyama yozizira nyama imatsindika "kukoma kwatsopano komanso kwachikondi" koma ili ndi zenera lalifupi losungira. Nyama yozizira nyama imapereka kulawa kokoma kwina kwa moyo wautali.
- Kuyesa kwathunthu kwa bakiteriyaKuyesera: Kuvuta kwa nthawi yayitali kwa nthawi komanso kutentha
Kufanizira chitetezo chamitundu iwiri ya nyama, bungwe loyenerera linachititsa kuti nkhumba ikhale icho kuchokera ku batlo imodzi,
Mapangidwe oyesera
- Gulu la zitsanzo: Wothina watsopano wa nkhumba adagawidwa gulu lokhala ndi nyama (lophika pa 0-4 ° C) ndi gulu lozizira la -18 ° C).
- Kuyesa Nthawi: Tsiku 1 (State State), Tsiku 3, Tsiku 7, ndi Tsiku 14 (kwa tsiku lachisanu).
- Kuyesa zizindikiro: Kuwerengera Bakiteriya (Cfu / G), coliform mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pathogenic (Nsomba monomollandiStaphylococcus Aureus).
Zotsatira Zochita
| Nthawi Yoyeserera | Bacteria yonse ya nyama yozizira (CFU / g) | Chiwerengero chonse cha bakiteriya (Cfu / g) |
| Tsiku 1 | 3.2 × 10⁴ | 1.1 × 10⁴ |
| TSIKU 3 | 8.5 × 10⁵ | 1.3 × 10⁴ (osasungunuka) |
| TSIKU 7 | 2.3 × 10⁷ (Kupambana Kwambiri Naye | 1.5 × 10⁴ (osasinthika) |
| Tsiku 14 | - | 2.8 × 10⁴ (osasungunuka) |
Kuyesa kwa nyama youndana pambuyo pa kusungunuka:
Pambuyo pakuyaka ndikuyikidwa mu malo 4 ° kwa maola 24, kuwerengera kwa bakiteriya kwathunthu kudakwera 4.8 × 10 × 10 Cfu / g, kuyandikira kuchuluka kwa nyama yozizira pa tsiku 3.
Pomaliza
1) Nyama Yotsekemera: Kuwerengera kokwanira kumawonjezeka pang'ono pakapita nthawi, × 10⁷ Cfu / G.
2) Nyama yowuma: Kuchuluka kwa bakiteriya kumatsala pang'ono kusinthika ku -18 ° C, koma mabakiteriya amayambiranso pambuyo pochepetsa, kuthamangitsidwa.
3) Mabakiteriya a pathogenic: palibe mabakiteriya omwe ali pathogenic monga Salmonla adapezeka pagulu lililonse. Komabe, kuwerengera kwamabakiteriya mopitirira mu bakiteriya kumatha kuwonongeka ndikukhala ndi fungo, ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha kumwa.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro olakwika ndi chitsogozo cha sayansi
Maganizo olakwika 1: Kodi nyama yofedwa ndi nyama yotentha kuposa nyama yowundana?
Zoona: Chitetezo cha zonse zimatengera malo osungira. Ngati nyama yotsekera imawululidwa pamasheya akuluakulu kwambiri kapena osungidwa m'nyumba kwa masiku opitilira masiku atatu, ngozi ikhoza kukhala yapamwamba kuposa nyama yozizira.
Maganizo olakwika 2: Kodi ndi nyama youndana youndana ikuvutitsa michere?
ZoonaMaukadaulo amakono ozizira msanga amatha kupitilirabe zaka 90%, pomwe nyama yozizira imayamba kutaya mavitamini monga B1 chifukwa cha oxidation ndi enzymatic hydrolysis zimachitika.
Kugula kwasayansi ndi Zosungidwa
1) Nyama yozizira:
Mukamagula, yang'anani utoto (wofiyira wowala bwino), mawonekedwe (onyowa (onyowa pang'ono osamata), ndi fungo lowawasa kapena fungo lowawasa).
Posungira kunyumba, kusindikiza nyamayo ndi kukulunga pulasitiki ndikuziyika mu gawo lozizira kwambiri la firiridi (nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo), limangothana ndi masiku atatu.
2)Nyama youndana:
Sankhani zinthu zokhala ndi makhiristo ochepa oundana komanso makonzedwe osagawika, kupewa "nyama za Zombie" zomwe zakanizidwa ndikusungunuka.
Mukamachepetsa, gwiritsani ntchito "njira yofananira pang'onopang'ono": Kusamutsa kuchokera mufiriji kwa firiji kwa maola 12, kenako zilowerere madzi amchere osawotcha.
3)Mfundo Zazikulu:
Muzimutsuka pansi pa nyama ndi madzi musanaphike, koma pewani nthawi yokhazikika.
Onetsetsani kutentha kwamkati kwa 75 ° C kuti muchepetse mabakiteriya bwino.
Post Nthawi: Mar-04-2025