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Ma nā wahi wela, haʻahaʻa a ʻē aʻe paha, maʻalahi ka meaʻai i ka maʻi. ʻO ka mea hewa nui, ʻo ia ka mold. ʻO ka ʻāpana polū a mākou e ʻike ai, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai ka mycelium o ka mold, ʻo ia ka hopena o ka "maturity". A ma kahi kokoke i nā meaʻai poʻo, ua nui nā poʻo i ʻike ʻole ʻia. E hoʻomau ka laha ʻana o ka mold i ka meaʻai, pili ka laulā o kona pālahalaha ʻana i ka wai o ka meaʻai a me ka paʻakikī o ka maʻi. ʻO ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai poʻo e pōʻino nui i ke kino o ke kanaka.
He ʻano haʻiki ka poʻo. Ua kapa ʻia ka ʻawaʻawa i hana ʻia e ka poʻi ʻo mycotoxin. Hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo Ochratoxin A e Aspergillus a me Penicillium. Ua ʻike ʻia he 7 mau ʻano Aspergillus a me 6 ʻano Penicillium hiki ke hana i ka ochratoxin A, akā ua hana nui ʻia e ka Penicillium viride maʻemaʻe, ochratoxin a me Aspergillus niger.
Hoʻopilikia ka toxin i nā huahana cereal, e like me ka oats, ka bale, ka palaoa, ke kulina a me ka hānai holoholona.
Hoʻopilikia nui ia i ke ake a me nā puʻupaʻa o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Hiki i ka nui o nā toxins ke hoʻoulu i ka mumū a me ka necrosis o ka mucosa intestinal i loko o nā holoholona, ​​​​a loaʻa pū kekahi i nā hopena carcinogenic, teratogenic a me mutagenic.
ʻO GB 2761-2017 nā palena maʻamau o ka mycotoxins i loko o ka meaʻai e kuhikuhi ana i ka nui o ka ochratoxin A i ʻae ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha, nā pīni a me kā lākou huahana ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 μg/kg;
Hōʻike ʻo GB 13078-2017 i ka maʻamau maʻemaʻe hānai ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ochratoxin A i ʻae ʻia ma mua o 100 μg/kg.
GB 5009.96-2016 kūlana palekana meaʻai aupuni Ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i ka meaʻai
GB / T 30957-2014 ka hoʻoholo ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka kolamu immunoaffinity hana HPLC, etc.

Pehea e pale ai i ka pollution ochratoxinKe kumu o ka pollution ochratoxin i ka meaʻai
Ma muli o ka laha nui ʻana o ka ochratoxin A ma ke ʻano, nui nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai, e like me ka palaoa, nā hua maloʻo, ka hua waina a me ka waina, kofe, koko a me ke kokoleka, nā lāʻau lapaʻau Kina, nā mea hoʻonani, nā meaʻai hiki, ka ʻaila, ʻoliva, hua pī, pia, kī a me Hiki ke hoʻohaumia ʻia nā mea kanu a me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe e ka ochratoxin A. ʻO ka haumia o ka ochratoxin A i ka hānai holoholona he koʻikoʻi loa. Ma nā ʻāina kahi meaʻai ka mea nui o ka hānai holoholona, ​​​​e like me ʻEulopa, nā meaʻai holoholona i haumia e ka ochratoxin A, ka hopena i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka ochratoxin A i loko o vivo. Ma muli o ka paʻa loa o ka ochratoxin A i nā holoholona a ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka metabolized a hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia, ka meaʻai holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka nui o ka puʻupaʻa, ate, ʻiʻo a me ke koko o nā puaʻa, ʻike pinepine ʻia ʻo Ochratoxin A i ka waiū a me nā huahana waiu. Hoʻopili nā kānaka i ka ochratoxin A ma o ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā ʻiʻo holoholona i hoʻohaumia ʻia e ka ochratoxin A, a ua hōʻeha ʻia e ka ochratoxin A. ʻo ka mea i noiʻi nui ʻia a aʻo ʻia ma ka ochratoxin kahi matrix pollution ma ka honua he mau kīʻaha (palaoa, bale, kulina, raiki, etc.), kofe, waina, pia, mea hoonoono, etc.

Hiki ke lawe ʻia kēia mau hana e ka hale hana meaʻai
1. E koho pono i nā meaʻai maka o ke olakino a me ka palekana, a me nā ʻano mea kanu holoholona āpau i haumia e ka poʻi a lilo i hoʻololi qualitative. Hiki nō hoʻi i ka maʻi o nā mea maka i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.
2. No ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka palekana olakino o ke kaʻina hana, nā mea hana, nā ipu, nā kaʻa huli, nā papa hana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana ʻaʻole i hoʻopau ʻia i ka manawa kūpono a pili pono i ka meaʻai, e hopena i ka maʻi keʻa lua o ka bacteria.
3. E nānā pono i ka maʻemaʻe pilikino o nā limahana. No ka mea, ʻaʻole i pau ka disinfection o nā limahana, nā lole hana a me nā kāmaʻa, ma muli o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kūpono ʻole a i ʻole ka hui ʻana me nā lole pilikino, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke keʻa, e lawe ʻia ka bacteria i loko o ka hale hana hana ma o nā limahana i loko a i waho, e hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni o ka hale hana
4. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe a sterilized mau ka hale hana a me nā mea hana. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻamau o ka hale hana a me nā mea hana he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e pale ai i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o ka mold, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻoihana he nui ke hoʻokō.